The issue of law: conflict of churches, by Z. N. Brooke.--The issue of government: conflict of church and empire, by P. Joachimsen.--The issue of property: difficulties within the Roman See, by D. B. Zema.--Gregory VII's position: Dictatus papae (1075) Gregory's second letter to Bishop Herman of Metz (1081) Encyclical letter of Gregory VII (1084)--Henry IV's position: Henry's letter condemning Gregory VII (1076) Decree of the Synod of Brixen (1080)--Gregory sought to revive the ancient spirit of the church, by G. B. Ladner.--Tradition: a skeleton in the Gregorians' closet, by K. F. Morrison.--Text: Paschal II's Privilegia in favor of Henry V (1111)--Recovery of Apostolic ideals, by F. Gregorovius.--Papal weakness, by P. R. McKeon.--Text: The Concordat of Worms (1122)--The papacy master of the field, by J. Bryce.--The agreement of London: a distinct victory for the lay power, by J. T. Ellis.--The Concordat of Worms: a limited victory for the emperor, by R. L. Benson.--The downfall of the papacy, by A. Toynbee.--Suggestions for additional reading (p. 131-132)