Includes bibliographical references (p. [209]-215) and index.

Machine generated contents note: PART ONE -- BACKGROUND AND EVIDENCE -- 1 Ethnic Conflicts in Africa: Evidence and Conceptual -- Framework -- 1.1 Definitions and Elaboration of Ethnicity -- 1.2 Definition of Conflict -- 1.3 Bases and Application of Conflict Theory and -- Motives to the Kenyan Case -- 1.4 Ethnic Conflicts and the Nature of Ethno-Politics -- 1.5 Ethnic Conflicts in Africa: Evidence and Forces at Play -- 1.6 The Nature of Conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa by 1998 -- 1.7 A Conceptual Framework for Analysing Determinants of Conflict -- 2 Kenyan Society: Historical and Social Background -- 2.1 Kenya: A Land of Contrasts -- 2.2 Classification of Kenyan Peoples -- 2.3 Coterminous Administrative and Ethnic Boundaries -- 2.4 Ethnic Clashes and Ethnic Cleansing -- 3 Population and Ethnic Arithmetic -- 3.1 Perspectives of Rapid Population Growth in -- Conflict-Predisposing Circumstances -- 3.2 Population Growth and Ethnic Arithmetic in Kenya, 1969-1989 -- 3.3 Ethnic Structure, Growth and Distribution -- 3.4 The Question of Numbers and Resource Allocation -- 3.5 Population, Ethnicity and Politics -- 3.6 Kikuyu Hegemony and Ethnocentrism -- 4 Evidence and Pattern of Ethnic Conflicts in Kenya -- 4.1 Political Alignments Immediately Before Ethnic -- Conflicts of the Early 1990s -- 4.2 Media Coverage of Ethnic Clashes, 1991-1995 -- 4.3 The Conflict Areas -- 4.4 Was There a Pattern or Mosaic of Ethnic Conflict? -- 4.5 Chronology of Ethnic Conflict, 1991-1995 -- 4.6 Was Ethnic Conflict of 1991-1993 Spontaneous or -- Politically Instigated? -- PART TWO -- TRIGGERS OF CONFLICTS -- 5 Exogenous Determinants of Conflict -- 5.1 Colonial Background -- 5.2 Independent Governance -- 5.3 World Economic/Political Order -- 5.4 Regional Political Instability -- 6 National Historical, Political and Demographic Circumstances -- 6.1 Geo-Political Factors -- 6.2 Politically Oriented/Historical Factors -- 6.3 State Intervention -- 6.4 Other Plausible Factors -- 6.5 Spatial Distribution of Population, Internal Migration -- and Urbanisation -- 7 The Land Settlement Programme: A Recipe for Ethnic Conflict? -- 7.1 Land: Implications of Its Alienation and Settlement -- 7.2 Land Alienation and Its Implications -- 7.3 Land Settlement and Its Perpetuation of "Divide and Rule" -- 7.4 The Land Settlement Programme: A Recipe for Ethnic Conflicts? -- PART THREE -- CONSEQUENCES AND SOLUTIONS -- 8 Consequences of Conflict -- 8.1 A Conceptual Framework for the Consequences of Conflict -- 8.2 Consequences for Displaced Population and Demographic Processes -- 8.3 National/Societal Economic Consequences -- 8.4 Political Consequences -- 8.5 Social Consequences -- 9 Post-Conflict environment: The Search for Durable Solutions -- 9.1 Conflict Resolution: Theory, Research and Practice -- 9.2 National Healing of Wounds and Coverage of Scars -- 9.3 Operating at Different Wavelengths: Human Rights Watch and UNDP -- 9.4 Conflict Resolution Options Worth Trying Out -- 9.5 Tips for Stakeholders in Conflict Resolution -- Bibliography -- Appendices -- A Nature and Scope of Conflicts in Selected SSA Countries -- by Sub-Region, Year and Main Causes -- B Conflict-induced Internal Displacement in Selected African -- Countries, 1997/8 -- C Adoption of UN Guiding Principles on Internal -- Displacement.